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Showing posts with label medical error. Show all posts
Showing posts with label medical error. Show all posts

Monday, December 8, 2014

Rolling the Dice

I paint the patient story.  Many people know that.  Others who closely follow my work know that my focus in advocacy is patient data access and the patient/caregiver role in the implementation and use of HIT (Health Information Technology).

Last March, I was honored to do and interview with the elusive Tim from HIStalk about the current landscape in HIT. Tim is known only through his avatar and his writing. I met Lorre Wisham during the process of conducting the interview.  She is the public face of HIStalk. She attends conferences and oversees the day-to-day operations of HIStalk as the Chief Operating Officer.  She also has an avatar and that avatar is lovely.  The image is based upon her real face.  She almost seems like a Disney princess, the image in the looking glass, the fairest of the land. 



Lorre asked if she could join us in The Walking Gallery.  I read her story of pain and cried.  This is her jacket painting “Rolling the Dice.”  Here we see the other side: the mirror’s flipped reflection. Here the princess cries for all that are lost.


Lorre’s oldest daughter Danielle was a type 1 diabetic.  She was diagnosed at the age of 12.  She was a frequent visitor to emergency rooms and pediatric ICU for years. The smallest infection, like an ingrown toenail could upset her blood sugar.  The doctors and nurses seemed to be rolling the dice when it came to treatment options. Many times Lorre’s daughter was in the hospital, finally stable, and they would bring her lunch.  Lorre would tell the nurse that her daughter needed insulin if she was going to eat.  The nurse would look at Lorre with a withering glare and the nurse would say that she knew better. Unfortunately, she did not. Lorre’s daughter would say, “Mom, I think my blood sugar is high.” She was right.  Lorre had to covertly bring insulin with her to the hospital and administer it against medical advice.


Once Danielle’s blood sugar was frighteningly off. Lorre took her to the emergency department at the local hospital.  They stabilized her overnight. Lorre sat with her daughter and held her hand.  The next morning the hospital decided to transfer her to the Pediatric ICU at a nearby facility.  They removed her IV. Lorre and Danielle waited an hour for the ambulance to arrive.  Lorre asked about insulin but was told they could not administer insulin in an ambulance without a nurse present. Lorre’s prior experience with insulin was intrabolus and it lasted for hours, so she thought everything would be fine.  What Lorre didn’t realize was that when insulin is administered in an IV the effect is immediate, but ends immediately when the IV is removed.  

By the time they arrived at the second hospital and were able to admit her to the ICU, Danielle’s blood sugar was off of the charts again and she was in kytoacidosis.  They started the IV and added insulin.  She didn’t respond.  They ordered new insulin from the pharmacy.  By this time she lost consciousness, her blood gasses were off, and her brain started to swell.  There were three physicians there, including an endochroinologist.  They said they had done everything they could and she wasn’t responding.  They didn’t think she was going to make it.  She did survive that event and became conscious 12 hours later.

Lorre and Danielle were able to spend many lovely years together. If you look at Lorre’s facebook page you will see Lorre with her two daughters at Christmas time.  Sadly, Danielle died almost ten years ago in a car accident.  It was never determined if her blood sugar levels were a contributing factor.  

Lorre’s grandmother was hospitalized three years ago. When Lorre arrived at the facility her grandmother was in tears.  Lorre’s diabetic grandmother had been taking hydrocodone for pain every 4 hours at home.  She also took 16 other medications and carried a complete list in her purse.  She had arrived in the emergency department nine hours prior and still had not been given any insulin or pain medication.  Lorre and her husband both worked in Healthcare IT. They immediately went to the charge nurse and didn’t leave her side until Lorre’s grandmother received her medication.  When they talked with the nurse afterward, she admitted the emergency system and the hospital EMR (Electronic Medical Record) system weren’t integrated or interfaced.  The nurses on the floor had no way of knowing what occurred in the emergency department until the notes were entered much later.


Two years ago Lorre’s youngest daughter Brianne was in a skiing accident and ended up in the hospital in La Jolla, CA. She was diagnosed with pneumonia one month later.  Her lung was 70% filled with fluid and she wasn’t responding to the treatment.  Lorre kept telling the pulmonologist about the accident and he dismissed it.  Finally, Lorre asked Brianne to show the doctor a picture of herself purple from her neck to her buttocks and with a fractured collarbone. The doctor said, “Oh My God, there must be tissue damage.” Due to this patient reported data and accompanying image, the treatment plan changed.  Brianne was in inpatient care for 16 days and recovered.

While Brianne was in the hospital in La Jolla, Lorre’s husband learned he needed a liver biopsy in Tucson.  Lorre returned home. Her husband’s biopsy revealed liver disease.  They gave him a 50% chance of surviving for 30 days. Lorre thought of all of the reasons they could beat the odds.  They had good insurance, the ability to pay for additional attention, willingness to do whatever it takes and he was relatively young.  Lorre’s husband was admitted into the hospital on July 2, 2012.  She was very shocked by how present she needed to be just to keep everyone involved in treatment on the same page.  There were teams of physicians, new nurses every couple of days, and a rotating group of aides.  The staff was consistently forgetting his medication or mixing it up.  Lorre had to be ever vigilant about what her husband needed, but also what they were doing or failing to do. 



The physicians ordered so many tests. Lorre believed that if they did everything they were told to do, they would get through it.  Her husband contracted C-diff and hospital acquired pneumonia.  He started to suffer from anxiety and became terrified at night.  Lorre slept at the hospital and only left to shower and change clothes.  They were in the hospital for 16 days straight, when a brave nurse took Lorre aside and told her she was fighting a lost battle.  The nurse told Lorre one more hospital-acquired disease would be more than her husband could stand. He was dying. Lorre took him home and he died two days later.

On July 3, 2013 Lorre’s father was diagnosed with stage 4-pancreatic cancer.  He also lived in Tucson. Lorre took responsibility for him.  Each time he was hospitalized (always at the same hospital using and electronic medical record system), Lorre had to go through the medication list several times until they could agree that it was correct. Regardless, many, many times Lorre received a call at 6am from the hospital pharmacy asking her to clarify the orders or provide them in their entirety.  It was maddening to think that all of his information was in the system and literally a week after the prior visit they had to start from the beginning again.  Lorre’s father died in November 2013.



That is Lorre’s story of pain. I placed dice throughout this piece. A single die is placed next to everyone Lorre lost.  Each die is either pressing Lorre down or separating her from the one she loves.

I am sure that everyone who reads this can empathize with Lorre’s pain, but for those of us who work in technology and love the science behind evidence based medicine; the frustration in this tale is acute.  Though life itself can be a gamble, the protocol in medical care should never be a roll of the dice.  



Wednesday, December 14, 2011

Embracing Failure

1977, three bright students who graduated from Stanford University had an idea.  Using a mimeograph machine as a printing press, they self-published a book.  They set up on street corners and distributed the work by bicycle and backpacks.

The name of the book was Juggling for the Complete Klutz.

The book launched a publishing company named Klutz Press.  I am sure you have seen Klutz Press books.  They are very distinctive because the book is usually packaged with all the materials needed to complete an art project, science experiment or some type of athletic endeavor.  Klutz Press has literally become a fixture in the world of book and toy stores selling millions of books since it was first created by three young people who thought anyone could be taught how to juggle.

They did that by embracing failure as a core design feature.  If you have read the Klutz juggling book you know it is full of uplifting cartoons and funny comments about the challenges inherent in juggling.  It tells you the many tricks of the trade and explains technique.  Most importantly, the book is sold with three square soft juggling balls.

It comes with these three practice balls, because you will drop the ball. 

You will drop the ball again and again as you learn to juggle.  The balls are square so they will not roll.  They are soft so they will not bounce.  This book is a best seller because it embraced the lessons that failure taught.

I wish there was a klutz press book called “Juggling Sorrow: Medical Error, Harm and the Patient/Family Apology.”   I know exactly which supplies I would package with that book.  I would package envelopes, pens and stationary.  And just like any other Klutz press title I would even pre-print the first few lines to make it easier.  Each piece of paper would say

Dear _______,  

I am so sorry.  This is what happened:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________      

Now, was that so hard?  Was that something a grieving mother should wait 10 years for?

Do you know Dale Ann Micalizzi?  She is an amazing woman and patient advocate.  And this is her painting for The Walking Gallery:  “The Tale of Two Justin’s”

The Tale of Two Justins

She posted an incredibly moving post in September of this year about a letter it took her ten years to write.The Letter that took me ten years to write…  In January 15, 2001 eleven-year-old Justin underwent a simple surgery to drain an ankle infection.  He never awoke again and died the next day.  Dale Ann and her family began asking questions immediately but they did not get answers.  Instead they were treated to a wall of silence and began a lawsuit against the provider.  Dale Ann endured the utter hell of a lawsuit just trying to find answers.  And she did not stop there. She spent the next ten years doing advocacy work to help other families to prevent the kind abuse she and her family suffered.

Almost ten years after the fatal event that led to Justin’s death, someone reached out to share the true sequence events with Dale Ann.  He said he could no longer live with himself knowing that she was still searching for answers.  Justin had been overdosed with the wrong medication: Phenylephrine.

Young Justin

So in Dale Ann’s painting she has two sons named Justin.  To the left a young Justin sits.  He holds a book open.  It is the book of Justin, the book of his life.  He is a happy child and frozen forever in his youth.  In the center in front of Justin’s garden, Dale Ann sits.  She holds a letter of apology that explains the events that led to Justin’s death.

An older Justin

To the far right is another Justin.  This is the Justin of uncertainty; this is the Justin of what-ifs. Justin would be young man today. He may have looked something like this young man.  This Justin holds a closed book and represents 10 years of advocacy and searching for a resolution.

Here we reach the balance point of Dale Ann’s life with Justin.

She held him close and loved him dearly as a living child for a little over a decade.  And for a decade more she held him close as a memory engulfed in a roaring chasm of questions.

Now the book is closed and there can be one Justin.  And that is just and fair and right as Justin’s name itself.
      
But Dale Ann will continue her journey so others shall not suffer.  She will work with providers to help them embrace the lessons of failure and share the healing power of knowledge with others.  

Sunday, July 3, 2011

Never Enough


A few years ago, I saw a vey funny episode of Dexter's Laboratory.  It was entitled Star Check Unconventional and the episode took place in world where a Star Trek-style science fiction convention meets a Barbie-style convention. This episode introduces the important concept of NRFB.  If you are one of my science fiction, Doctor Who-loving, uber tech geek friends, you will know exactly what that means.  I will explain the phenomena and abbreviation to the rest of you. It refers to the pinnacle of any collector: Never Removed From Box.  Oh, the exquisite joy of owning something no one has touched since manufacture! 

There is only one moment that is better: When you finally open the box.

I was the perfect audience for this episode, as I am a huge Trek fan and also am a big fan of Barbie.  When people gave me Barbie dolls as gifts as an adult, I kept these collectibles in their boxes for years.  I had a pretty big stash in the closet that I would lovingly caress each plastic and chipboard exterior.  In addition to my Barbie collection, my husband Fred had a whole shelf of Stephen King books that no one was allowed to read for fear of cracking their spines.

When my eldest son Freddie was four, he mostly stayed away from his father's "scary" books; but one day he found my Barbie stash.  At first he was merely perplexed as to why I would keep perfectly good toys in boxes for years in a closet.  Next, he reasoned that I must have been waiting for him to get old enough so we could play with them together.  I began explaining that they were special, collector’s items.  I even had Olympic gymnast Barbie 1996 and very special Ballerina Barbie with the palest skin and gown.  These dolls were too important to play with.

Freddie was outraged said,  "You play with toys! Let's open all of them now!" For a moment of indecision I held back.  Then we ripped into the boxes and began the Barbie Liberation Movement. Oh, what a glorious day!  I waited so long to smell the plastic of their bodies and run small brushes through their hair.  They were so perfect!   We played with those Barbie’s for hours, then weeks. I returned to one of the greatest joys of my childhood and I took my little boy with me on the journey. 

The thing that is better than NRFB, is holding your greatest happiness in your arms to feel it and caress it.  And this memory is linked to another in my mind: the birth of our son Freddie.

I had carried him inside me for 36 weeks.  I held him so long without being able to touch him.  I loved him and fantasized about his beauty for months.  And finally at 36 weeks, I went into labor.  After five hours of natural childbirth I delivered him.  He was so beautiful.  His new skin amazed me.  He was fresh from the package.  As I rejoiced at his little body in my arms, I traced my fingertip along the peach fuzz of hair across his brow.  Then his temperature began to plummet and they took him away.  About one hour and 45 minutes after I had Freddie, I was sitting at his side in the NICU. 

He was in big plastic box attached to wires.

And I could only touch his little hand.  I could feel a little bit of his perfect skin.  And I would watch as they would stab his little feet again and again to take a large enough daily blood sample.  I felt a kind of impotent rage as his little mouth would curl in pain and would see a silent scream in the moment before he took a breath and his cries would fill the room.  And after seven days in the NICU, we could take him home.  He was still underweight and his bilirubin was high, but we could take him home. 

I would rejoice and hold him in my arms and trace the peach fuzz upon his brow.

And all of this I thought of when I painted Mary Ellen's Jacket: Never Enough.
Never Enough: Mary Ellen's Jacket
In 2001, Mary Ellen Mannix was a happily married mother of three when she found out that she was expecting her fourth child James.  At 20 weeks James was diagnosed with a possible coarctation of the aorta.  The doctors were not overly concerned because it seemed as though James did not have a severe case of this hourglass shaped malformation of the traditionally long-tube shaped structure.

Mary Ellen did as much research as she was able to do.  This was 2001, so like many of their friends they did not own a home computer.  She utilized a network of friends to find out their recommendations for the best hospital for delivery.  Mary Ellen and her husband were assured time and time again, "We are not talking open heart surgery here. Your child does not have a life threatening heart defect IF he even has one at all. This is very minor."

 James was born on October 2nd, 2001.  He was a large baby.  At birth, he had a loud raspy cry. The delivery team took James away for an ECHO and would not let Mary Ellen’s husband Mike attend the procedure.

After three hours with no communication as to the results of the examination or being told the whereabouts of their son, Mary Ellen and her husband began looking for him.  Their current hospital had already arranged transport for James to be admitted to another hospital where a world-renown surgeon that specialized in this disorder could treat him.  Mary Ellen was upset.  The parents had not been informed about nor consented to transfer.

Mary Ellen expressed her desire to keep her son near her.  They spoke to a Pediatric Cardiologist in the hallway who assured them, “Oh he is fine. James looks great. We just figure they can monitor him down there the next couple of days."  Mary Ellen again expressed her concerns and desire that baby James stay near her.  The cardiologist responded, “If he were my baby, I would want him there. Just in case something happens."

Mary Ellen felt disempowered, and pressed into a treatment path not of her choosing.

James was eating and doing great, and he continued to do so for the next 36 hours.  He was a beautiful baby with such lovely skin, so loved by his parents.  There wasn’t an emergency situation.  When the hospital asked for consent to “correct the coarct,” Mary Ellen and Mike were told a catheterization procedure - like a balloon angioplasty would be preformed upon James.  Or perhaps, medication could be prescribed instead of surgery. They were assured that procedure was a minor one: "We are not talking open heart surgery here."

The next day they took him.

At this point Mary Ellen and her husband learned nothing more about what happened to their son until after they hired a lawyer

The staff at the new facility performed open-heart surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.  They used a broken ventilator during surgery.  After surgery the family was not allowed to be with James, as it would “excite him too much.  The family was briefly allowed to see him at 4:00pm.  A nurse said, "When you come back you will be able to feed him."  As Marry Ellen was still adjusting to the knowledge of all that they had done said, "That is okay. I can wait. Don't rush him. So long as he is ok, I can wait."

When Mary Ellen and Mike left the room, the unit staff electively extubated James.  His CO2 went up and his oxygen saturation went down.  They took blood gas after blood gas every 15 minutes for the next 3 ½ hours.  Then they dosed this little baby with a huge dose of morphine. 

Things went from bad to worse.  Staff members who had left for dinner were paged back.  They did CPR.  They had to open his chest again and gave James several epinephrine shots straight into his heart.  A doctor who a few moments before had been enjoying his dinner, was doing cardiac massage to James walnut sized heart.  

Then they put him on ECMO.  This is used in intensive care medicine and is an extracorporeal technique of providing both cardiac and respiratory support oxygen. This is used with patients whose lungs and heart have been severely damaged and is considered a treatment of last resort. James was back on a ventilator after having been taken off one too quickly.   Then he was placed on it too long. He developed ventilator-associated pneumothorax (preventable).  He was brain damaged.

As Mary Ellen’s lawyer phrased it, "It was a parade of horrible." Things kept getting worse: more medication errors, another surgery without consent, hospital acquired infections and sepsis. The evening of Oct11th, James was starting to look better. He was taken off the ECMO. The staff finally asked for breast-milk for James.  He looked so beautiful.

Mary Ellen fell asleep while expressing, and was woken on the morning of October 12th by two Doctors informing her that James had been take into emergency surgery.

Later that morning, Mary Ellen saw her precious James.   He was black blue and purple all over. He skin was taunt and swollen to the size of a nine month old. His one hand was completely black. He had an open wound from the surgery on his right side.

She knew he was gone.

They put him back on ECMO.  It was a Friday.  The surgeon was not to be found. Mary Ellen and Mike kept asking to talk to him.  Eventually they left the CICU and in the hallway we tracked him down. 
A father's love
Mary Ellen’s husband Mike asked him, "So you will oversee James's care this weekend?"

He said "No."

Mike said, "Then who will be in charge?"

The Doctor responded with, "I don’t know."

Mike said, "Really, we just want to know who will oversee our son's care this weekend."
The Doctor answered with, "What difference does knowing that make now?"

Mary Ellen and Michael turned the machines off the next morning – Saturday October 12th.  James had lived for eleven days.  Marry Ellen and Mike gathered their things in silence.  No social workers, no clergy, no doctor or nurse would help them in their darkest grief.  Just silence.

In the weeks and months that passed, more silence.  No one would tell them what had happened.  No one would tell them anything, until they had a lawyer and went to court.  The Mannix family was offered 750,000 dollars to settle the case. To get that sum, they must agree to silence.  There was a gag rule attached to the settlement.  They must never speak of the case again.

They turned down the settlement.
Never Enough
That would never be enough.  Mary Ellen knew she must tale this tale, for her family and for everyone else who was suffering.  She must tell it for all the other families who had the same story, but to due financial reasons accepted silence in exchange for needed recompense.  She would write a book and spread the tale. And that would not be enough.  She would found a non-profit called James’s Project in order to get books such as hers and the work’s of other advocate patients in the hands of medical students, doctors and other families.  And that still would not be enough. She would walk in the Walking Gallery with a picture of her baby on her back.
A book offering
It would never be enough, never enough.  Because I know where Mary Ellen’s mind goes at night.  I know the memories begin to unspool.  The moments begin in utter normality of breakfast cereals and children’s cartoons and it goes so very wrong.  And each night we relive the silence and the poor decisions, and fill our minds with might have-been.  It will never be enough because James had been NRFB.  He had been perfect and loved and had such beautiful skin. 

And they turned him black, blue and purple.  They destroyed James and broke the hearts of his family members.  And they did it in silence.

No, it will never be enough.